What is scaling and root planing?

What is scaling and root planing

Scaling and root planing is a deep cleaning used to treat periodontal disease below the gumline. Scaling removes plaque and tartar from tooth roots, while root planing smooths rough areas so gums can heal more closely to the tooth. It is more involved than a routine cleaning because it targets infected pockets.

Your dental team may recommend scaling and root planing when gum measurements show deeper pockets, bleeding, and tartar that cannot be removed with a standard cleaning. The mouth is often treated in sections so each area can be cleaned thoroughly and kept comfortable. Local anesthesia may be used, especially when pockets are deep or the roots are sensitive. After treatment, gums can feel sore or tender for a few days, and teeth may be temporarily sensitive to cold. Your dentist or hygienist may review brushing, interdental cleaning, antimicrobial rinses, or risk factors such as smoking and diabetes. A follow-up visit usually checks whether pocket depths and bleeding have improved before deciding on maintenance timing or additional periodontal care.

How is periodontal disease treated?

Is gum disease reversible?

Key Points

• Scaling removes tartar and bacterial buildup above and below the gumline.
• Root planing smooths rough root surfaces that hold plaque.
• Local anesthesia can make deeper cleaning more comfortable.
• Temporary gum soreness and tooth sensitivity are common after treatment.
• Follow-up measurements show whether pockets are healing or need more care.

What This Means for You

If scaling and root planing is recommended, it means your gums need treatment below the level reached by a routine cleaning. Plan for careful home care afterward, because healing depends on keeping new plaque from recolonizing the pockets. Call your dental office if pain, swelling, or bleeding seems to worsen instead of gradually improving.

Related Reading: How is periodontal disease treated?  |  Is gum disease reversible?  |  Can gum disease cause tooth loss?